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Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls: Achieving the right balance

Adrian W. K. Law,Chunyan Tang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 472-479 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1592-0

摘要： Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls both function together to reduce the pollutant concentrations in the effluent and mitigate the potential impact on the environment. The former uses environmental treatment technology with energy and material cost considerations, while the latter utilizes the natural assimilation potential of the coastal water environment achievable at the outfall location. Because of their synergistic nature, marine outfalls are now commonly used for the disposal of partially treated domestic and industrial effluents in many coastal cities around the world, with many successful examples of low and acceptable risks to the environment. The objective of this paper is to review their balance from both environmental and economic considerations. We also discuss the end-of-the-pipe and mixing zone approaches for industrial effluents, and give some recommendations particularly for developing countries. Finally, we emphasize that a compulsory and vigorous monitoring program is essential regardless of how the balance is achieved.

关键词： industrial effluent treatment     industrial marine outfalls     economic and environmental considerations    

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Integration of climate change considerations into environmental impact assessment — implementation, problems

I-Shin CHANG, Jing WU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 598-607 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0496-1

摘要： Climate change plays an important role in affecting and altering the course of human development. So far, there have been no effective and efficient techniques to directly quantify the influences of climate change on human development, but there have been rough estimation and qualitative description of the effects. Since the 1990s, climate change considerations have been required to be included in environmental impact assessment, which is a flexible institutional framework of environmental risk evaluation and management. However, there have been no concrete achievements demonstrated. The purpose of this study was first to summarise the practical experience and to disclose the existing problems during the implementation of the process of integrating climate change considerations into environmental impact assessment in China through a case study. Currently in China, the practice of integrating climate change considerations into environmental impact assessment is mainly concentrated on the strategic environmental assessment level. The influences of climate change were identified as energy consumption, greenhouse gases emission, and the restraint of development under abnormal or extreme weather or climate conditions. Because of a lack of related technical guidelines and practical experience, the climate change considerations that have been selected and the evaluation methods that have been applied are quite different. Recommendations on policies, laws, and institutional regulations institution are proposed to better utilise environmental impact assessment to integrate climate change considerations into economic, social, and environmental decisions and actions.

关键词： climate change considerations     environmental impact assessment     energy consumption     greenhouse gases     low carbon    

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Environmental and economic assessment of vegetable oil production using membrane separation and vapor

Weibin Kong, Qi Miao, Peiyong Qin, Jan Baeyens, Tianwei Tan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 166-176 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1616-4

摘要： Solvent extraction of crude oil from oilseeds is widely applied for its high production capacity and low cost. In this process, solvent recovery and tail gas treatment are usually performed by adsorption, paraffin scrubbing, or even cryogenics (at low tail gas flow rates). Membrane separation, which has a lower energy consumption than these techniques, spans a broad range of admissible concentrations and flow rates, and is moreover easily combined with other techniques. Vapor recompression has potentials to reduce the heat loss in association with distillation and evaporation. In this study, we proved the possibility of combining membrane separation and vapor recompression to improve the conventional vegetable oil production, by both experiments and process simulation. Nearly 73% of energy can be saved in the process of vegetable oil extraction by the novel processing approach. By further environmental assessment, several impact categories show that the optimized process is environmentally sustainable.

关键词： vegetable oil     solvent-extraction     membrane separation     vapor recompression     environmental and economic assessment    

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Clustering economic sectors in China on a life cycle basis to achieve environmental sustainability

Sai LIANG, Tianzhu ZHANG, Xiaoping JIA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 97-108 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0402-2

摘要： To improve material efficiency, industrial structure optimization becomes a focal point in Chinese industrial and environmental policies. It is crucial to cluster economic sectors and determine their priority for industrial and environmental policy implementation. Integrating a set of criteria, a hybrid input-output model and the hierarchical cluster analysis, this study clusters China’s economic sectors and determines their priority on a life cycle basis. China’s economic sectors are clustered into three clusters. Industrial structure changes (industrial policy) should encourage the development of sectors in cluster 1 and limit the development of sectors in cluster 2. Technology development and materials recycling (two environmental policies) should mainly focus on sectors in clusters 1 and 2. Future industrial policies in China should limit the development of two sectors named and . Instead of limiting some industries by command-and-control, the best policy option is to remedy environmental standards and law enforcement. Enterprises belonging to the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of direct production impacts should be concerned to achieve enterprise sustainability. To achieve sustainable production chains, the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of accumulative production impacts should be concerned. For sustainable consumption, the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of consumption impacts should be concerned to transform consumption styles. Most of environmental pressure can be alleviated not only by technical improvements and material recycling, but also by the development of economic sectors in cluster 1.

关键词： cluster analysis     input-output model     life cycle     material flow analysis     sustainable development    

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Interactive DE for solving combined security environmental economic dispatch considering FACTS technology

Belkacem MAHDAD, K. SRAIRI, B. TAREK

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 429-447 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0270-x

摘要： This paper presents an efficient interactive differential evolution (IDE) to solve the multi-objective security environmental/economic dispatch (SEED) problem considering multi shunt flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices. Two sub problems are proposed.The first one is related to the active power planning to minimize the combined total fuel cost and emissions, while the second is a reactive power planning (RPP) using multi shunt FACTS device based static VAR compensator (SVC) installed at specified buses to make fine corrections to the voltage deviation, voltage phase profiles and reactive power violation. The migration operation inspired from biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm is newly introduced in the proposed approach, thereby effectively exploring and exploiting promising regions in a space search by creating dynamically new efficient partitions. This new mechanism based migration between individuals from different subsystems makes the initial partitions to react more by changing experiences. To validate the robustness of the proposed approach, the proposed algorithm is tested on the Algerian 59-bus electrical network and on a large system, 40 generating units considering valve-point loading effect. Comparison of the results with recent global optimization methods show the superiority of the proposed IDE approach and confirm its potential for solving practical optimal power flow in terms of solution quality and convergence characteristics.

关键词： optimal power flow (OPF)     economic dispatch     environment     differential evolution     migration operator     multi-objective     flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS)     static VAR compensator (SVC)    

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An assessment of China-Japan-Korea Free Trade Agreement’s economic and environmental impacts on China

Zhaoyang LIU, Xianqiang MAO, Wei TANG, Tao HU, Peng SONG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第6期   页码 849-859 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0432-9

摘要： Recently, China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea (Korea) are conducting a government-commissioned feasibility study on the Free Trade Agreement among the three countries (CJKFTA) to form a regional free trade zone in East Asia. Considering that freer trade can cause unexpected impact on domestic environment, there is a need to evaluate the environmental impact of such a trade policy. This move should be made to help negotiators understand and pay more attention to environmental issues during CJKFTA negotiations, and to help lobby with the government to carry out appropriate policy instruments for adaptation or mitigation. Following the Chain Reaction Assessment Method that integrates and links the elements of trade, production, and environment, the present research aims to quantitatively assess CJKFTA’s possible impact on China’s environment. This is done by estimating the variations of China’s major conventional pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission in two policy scenarios to represent CJKFTA’s scale and composition effects on China’s environment. Estimating the variations is based on a static Computable General Equilibrium model, working with Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) 7 database and China’s energy-environment statistics. Based on these assessments, CJKFTA is predicted to lead to notable environmental impact, including increased emissions of agricultural total nitrogen, agricultural total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, and GHGs. On the other hand, decreased emissions of industrial SO and dust are also expected to happen. Suitable policies need to be made to combat negative effects and amplify positive ones, while aiming at a more sustainable regional freer trade system.

关键词： Free Trade Agreement     Strategic Environmental Assessment     Chain Reaction Assessment Method     Computable General Equilibrium model     Global Trade Analysis Project    

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Standard method design considerations for semi-quantification of total naphthenic acids in oil sands

Kevin A. Kovalchik, Matthew S. MacLennan, Kerry M. Peru, John V. Headley, David D.Y. Chen

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 497-507 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1652-0

摘要： Naphthenic acids are a complex class of thousands of naturally occurring aliphatic and alicyclic carboxylic acids found in oil sands bitumen and in the wastewater generated from bitumen processing. Dozens of analytical methods have been developed for the semi-quantification of total naphthenic acids in water samples. However, different methods can give different results, prompting investigation into the comparability of the many methods. A review of important methodological features for analyzing total naphthenic acids is presented and informs the design of future standard methods for the semi-quantification of total naphthenic acids using mass spectrometry. The design considerations presented are a synthesis of discussions from an Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) led taskforce of 10 laboratory experts from government, industry and academia during April 2016 and subsequent discussions between University of British Columbia and ECCC representatives. Matters considered are: extraction method, solvent, pH, and temperature; analysis instrumentation and resolution; choice of calibration standards; use of surrogate and internal standards; and use of online or offline separation prior to analysis. The design considerations are amenable to both time-of-flight and Orbitrap mass spectrometers.

关键词： total naphthenic acids     environmental samples     oil sands process affected water     polar organics     mass spectrometry    

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Public perception of environmental issues across socioeconomic characteristics: A survey study in Wujin

Jun BI, Yongliang ZHANG, Bing ZHANG,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 361-372 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0017-4

摘要： In developing countries, there is controversy over the correct perception regarding environmental and developmental issues. Few studies have examined the perception of low-income nationals in regards to social and environmental issues. This paper looks at the relationship between socio-demographic factors and the groups’ perceived priority regarding environmental and social issues in Wujin County. The results indicated that most residents, specifically the young, government employed and the urban community consider environmental issues to be serious, especially in relation to air pollution and water pollution. Furthermore, many residents feel it is important to rank environmental problems that are related to other social and economic issues, and that environmental protection must be set as a priority in Wujin County. Compared to social issues, environmental concern was greater among the young, government employed, and the urban community, because of their higher education and affluence. In addition, 66.2% of residents consider environmental protection to be more important than economic development. Thus, environmental protection must be set as a high priority in Wujin County, in order to face the many social and environmental challenges inherent in development.

关键词： socio-economic characteristics     environmental perception     sustainable development     policy making    

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Techno-economic analysis of the adoption of electric vehicles

Donald KENNEDY, Simon P. PHILBIN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 538-550 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0048-x

摘要： Significant advances in battery technology are creating a viable marketspace for battery powered passenger vehicles. Climate change and concerns over reliable supplies of hydrocarbons are aiding in the focus on electric vehicles. Consumers can be influenced by marketing and emotion resulting in behaviors that may not be in line with their stated objectives. Although sales of electric vehicles are accelerating, it may not be clear that purchasing an electric vehicle is advantageous from an economic or environmental perspective. A techno- economic analysis of electric vehicles comparing them against hybrids, gasoline and diesel vehicles is presented. The results show that the complexity of electrical power supply, infrastructure requirements and full life cycle concerns show that electric vehicles have a place in the future but that ongoing improvements will be required for them to be clearly the best choice for a given situation.

关键词： BEV     battery powered electric vehicle     environmental impact of electric vehicles     techno-economic analysis     gasoline versus electric powered cars     diesel versus electric cars     consumer behaviour    

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TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURE ON THE LOESS PLATEAU OF CHINA TOWARD GREEN DEVELOPMENT

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 491-500 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021428

摘要：

Loess Plateau of China is a typical dryland agricultural area. Agriculture there has transformed from food shortage toward green development over the past seven decades, and has achieved world-renowned achievements. During 1950–1980, the population increased from 42 to 77 million, increasing grain production to meet food demand of rapid population growth was the greatest challenge. Engineering measures such as terracing and check-dam were the crucial strategies to increase crop production. From 1981 to 2000, most of agronomic measures played a key role in increasing crops yield, and a series of policy support has benefited millions of smallholders. As expected, these measures and policies greatly increased crop production and basically achieved food security; but, low per capita GDP (only about 620 USD in 2000) was still a big challenge. During 2001–2015, the increase in agricultural and non-agricultural income together supported the increase in farmer income to 5781 USD·yr–1. Intensive agriculture that relies heavily on chemicals increased crop productivity by 56%. Steadfast policy support such as “Grain for Green Program” had an overwhelming advantage in protecting the natural ecological environment. In the new era, the integration of science and technology innovations, policy support and positive societal factors will be the golden key to further improve food production, protect environment, and increase smallholder income. 

 

关键词： agronomic technologies     economic returns     education     environmental cost     food production     government policy    

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Environmental, social, and economic assessment of energy utilization of crop residue in China

Yueling ZHANG, Junjie LI, Huan LIU, Guangling ZHAO, Yajun TIAN, Kechang XIE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 308-319 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0696-x

摘要： This paper aims to discuss an environmental, social, and economic analysis of energy utilization of crop residues from life cycle perspectives in China. The methodologies employed to achieve this objective are environmental life cycle assessment (E-LCA), life cycle cost (LCC), and social life cycle assessment (S-LCA). Five scenarios are developed based on the conversion technologies and final bioenergy products. The system boundaries include crop residue collection, transportation, pre-treatment, and conversion process. The replaced amounts of energy are also taken into account in the E-LCA analysis. The functional unit is defined as 1 MJ of energy produced. Eight impact categories are considered besides climate change in E-LCA. The investment capital cost and salary cost are collected and compared in the life cycle of the scenarios. Three stakeholders and several subcategories are considered in the S-LCA analysis defined by UNEP/SETAS guidelines. The results show that the energy utilization of crop residue has carbon emission factors of 0.09–0.18 kg (CO eq per 1 MJ), and presents a net carbon emissions reduction of 0.03–0.15 kg (CO eq per 1 MJ) compared with the convectional electricity or petrol, but the other impacts should be paid attention to in the biomass energy scenarios. The energy utilization of crop residues can bring economic benefit to local communities and the society, but the working conditions of local workers need to be improved in future biomass energy development.

关键词： crop residue     life cycle assessment     life cycle cost     social life cycle assessment     energy production    

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穿越“环境高山”——论经济增长过程中环境负荷的上升与下降

陆钟武,毛建素

《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第12期   页码 36-42

摘要：

把描绘发达国家经济增长过程中的环境负荷曲线比喻成“环境高山”。强调了发展中国家，尤其是中国，发展经济的正确之路是：从“环境高山”的半山腰穿过去，走新型工业化道路。推导了环境负荷与GDP之间的关系式，其中GDP年增长率g和单位GDP环境负荷年下降率t是两个关键变量。以一些国家和中国的一些省份为实例，分析了经济增长与能源消费量之间的关系。在不同的假设条件下，计算了2005，2010，2020年中国的环境负荷，并以能源消耗为例，做了进一步的说明。

关键词： 环境高山”     环境负荷     GDP年增长率     单位GDP环境负荷     单位GDP环境负荷的年下降率    

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Statistical considerations for genomic selection

Huimin KANG, Lei ZHOU, Jianfeng LIU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第3期   页码 268-278 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017164

摘要： Genomic selection is becoming increasingly important in animal and plant breeding, and is attracting greater attention for human disease risk prediction. This review covers the most commonly used statistical methods and some extensions of them, i.e., ridge regression and genomic best linear unbiased prediction, Bayesian alphabet, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Then it discusses the measurement of the performance of genomic selection and factors affecting the prediction of performance. Among the measurements of prediction performance, the most important and commonly used measurement is prediction accuracy. In simulation studies where true breeding values are available, accuracy of genomic estimated breeding value can be calculated directly. In real or industrial data studies, either training-testing approach or -fold cross-validation is commonly employed to validate methods. Factors influencing the accuracy of genomic selection include linkage disequilibrium between markers and quantitative trait loci, genetic architecture of the trait, and size and composition of the training population. Genomic selection has been implemented in the breeding programs of dairy cattle, beef cattle, pigs and poultry. Genomic selection in other species has also been intensively researched, and is likely to be implemented in the near future.

关键词： genomic estimated breeding value     genomic selection     linkage disequilibrium     statistical methods    

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Several issues to be considered for long-term better behavior of concrete gravity dams

Jinsheng JIA,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 40-46 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0006-5

摘要： Along with economic, social quick development and urbanization, dams and reservoirs are of strategic importance for flood control, water supply, electricity production, irrigation, etc., both for developed countries and for developing countries. Climate change is a new challenging issue to be considered which will speed up the development of hydropower in developing countries. More and more attention will be paid on the long-term better behavior of dams to guarantee the safety of the people involved and the better development of the world. There are about 50000 old dams in the world and a lot of them have been completed and operated for more than 50 years. However, how do we evaluate the dams’ safety? How do we make the decision to do rehabilitation work or to rebuild a new dam based on evaluation results? The life span and the real safety status of old dams becomes a challenging task for the dam society, especially for China because it has more than 6000 dams to be evaluated and rehabilitated within the next few years. Based on the investigation of the Fengman gravity dam, which is 91.7 m high, operated since 1943 and suffered uplift pressure, freeze and thaw problems, etc., discussions on the life span evaluation of old concrete gravity dams have been made. The reasonable coefficient of dam safety has been discussed. The social decision for the final choice after comprehensive studies has been introduced.

关键词： dam safety     economic life span     structural life span     environmental life span     rehabilitation     social decision    

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天山北坡经济带工业绿色发展政策建议研究

谢明辉,白卫南,白璐,卢庆治,乔琦

《中国工程科学》 2017年 第19卷 第4期   页码 79-87 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.04.013

摘要：

天山北坡经济带是中国“一带一路”战略中最大的综合经济带，其绿色发展模式将为“一带一路”沿线国家实现区域绿色发展提供借鉴。本文采用绩效评估方法，从区域和产业两个维度对天山北坡经济带各经济区环境绩效进行评估，并根据评估结果将天山北坡经济带六个经济区划分为三翼：北翼（奎屯—克拉玛依—乌苏经济区）环境绩效最佳，南翼（伊宁—霍城—察布查尔经济区、乌鲁木齐—昌吉经济区、吐鲁番—哈密经济区）环境绩效其次，中翼（石河子—玛纳斯—沙湾经济区、博乐—精河—阿拉山口经济区）环境绩效较差。最后，基于环境绩效评估结果和区域产业发展定位，对三翼工业绿色发展提出战略建议。

关键词： 天山北坡经济带     环境绩效评估     工业绿色发展     政策建议     产业    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls: Achieving the right balance

Adrian W. K. Law,Chunyan Tang

期刊论文

Integration of climate change considerations into environmental impact assessment — implementation, problems

I-Shin CHANG, Jing WU

期刊论文

Environmental and economic assessment of vegetable oil production using membrane separation and vapor

Weibin Kong, Qi Miao, Peiyong Qin, Jan Baeyens, Tianwei Tan

期刊论文

Clustering economic sectors in China on a life cycle basis to achieve environmental sustainability

Sai LIANG, Tianzhu ZHANG, Xiaoping JIA

期刊论文

Interactive DE for solving combined security environmental economic dispatch considering FACTS technology

Belkacem MAHDAD, K. SRAIRI, B. TAREK

期刊论文

An assessment of China-Japan-Korea Free Trade Agreement’s economic and environmental impacts on China

Zhaoyang LIU, Xianqiang MAO, Wei TANG, Tao HU, Peng SONG

期刊论文

Standard method design considerations for semi-quantification of total naphthenic acids in oil sands

Kevin A. Kovalchik, Matthew S. MacLennan, Kerry M. Peru, John V. Headley, David D.Y. Chen

期刊论文

Public perception of environmental issues across socioeconomic characteristics: A survey study in Wujin

Jun BI, Yongliang ZHANG, Bing ZHANG,

期刊论文

Techno-economic analysis of the adoption of electric vehicles

Donald KENNEDY, Simon P. PHILBIN

期刊论文

TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURE ON THE LOESS PLATEAU OF CHINA TOWARD GREEN DEVELOPMENT

期刊论文

Environmental, social, and economic assessment of energy utilization of crop residue in China

Yueling ZHANG, Junjie LI, Huan LIU, Guangling ZHAO, Yajun TIAN, Kechang XIE

期刊论文

穿越“环境高山”——论经济增长过程中环境负荷的上升与下降

陆钟武,毛建素

期刊论文

Statistical considerations for genomic selection

Huimin KANG, Lei ZHOU, Jianfeng LIU

期刊论文

Several issues to be considered for long-term better behavior of concrete gravity dams

Jinsheng JIA,

期刊论文

天山北坡经济带工业绿色发展政策建议研究

谢明辉,白卫南,白璐,卢庆治,乔琦

期刊论文